天声人语 20111110 宗教的力量
宗教的力量2011-11-10
信心深いほうではないが、人知を超えたものに救いを求めることはある。あらゆる宗教に期待される役割でもあろう。平安末から鎌倉期に多くの仏教宗派が生まれたのは、絶えぬ戦乱や天災と無縁ではない。
本人并非虔诚的教徒，不过有时也会祈求超越人类智慧之物的救助。这大概也是所有宗教被人期许的功能。平安末期到镰仓时期的这段时间之所以有大量佛教宗派诞生，跟当时连续不断的战乱和天灾不无关系。
上野の東京国立博物館で特別展「法然（ほうねん）と親鸞（しんらん） ゆかりの名宝」を観（み）た。浄土宗を開いた法然と、浄土真宗の宗祖親鸞。極楽を夢見る民衆を導き、仏教を大衆化した師弟の歩みを、あまたの国宝や重要文化財でたどっている（１２月４日まで）。
我去参观了位于上野的东京国立博物馆举办的“法然与亲鸾相关文物”特别展览。法然是净土宗的开山鼻祖，而亲鸾则是净土真宗的宗祖。观众可以通过为数众多的国宝与重要文物，追寻这两位指引向往极乐世界的民众，把佛教大众化的师徒的足迹（展期至12月4日）。
当時の極楽浄土は狭き門。出家して修行を積むか、寺に寄進した者だけに許される別世界だった。それゆえに、南無阿弥陀仏（なむあみだぶつ）をとなえれば誰もが浄土に行ける、という法然らの教えは革命的で、現世で苦しみ、往生もかなわぬ民衆は光明を見た。
当时的极乐净土门槛很高。除了出家修行或给寺院捐赠的人外，一般人无法接触。因此，法然当时只要念南无阿弥陀佛无论谁都可以去净土的说法是革命性的，让在现世受苦又无法往生的民众看到了光明。
京都・知恩院からの国宝「阿弥陀二十五菩薩（ぼさつ）来迎図（らいごうず）」（１３日まで公開）は、死期迫る人を阿弥陀如来が迎えに来る様を描く。左上から右下へ、雲に乗り、山肌を駆け下りる阿弥陀たちのスピード感。見る者は救われたに違いない。
来自京都知恩院的国宝《阿弥陀二十五菩萨迎接图》（展示到13日止）描绘的是阿弥陀如来迎接死期将至之人的情形。从左上往右下，乘着云赶下山的阿弥陀菩萨们动感十足。看了画的人心里一定会觉得得到了安抚。
法然の８００回忌、親鸞の７５０回忌にちなんだ企画ながら、どういう縁なのか、救いが必要な年に重なった。未曽有の天災と人災に襲われ、明日を描けず、もがく人々がいる。すべてを救うという思想は、色あせない。
这是为纪念法然去世800年，亲鸾去世750年而策划的展览，然而不知道是由于何种因缘，刚好跟人们需要心灵安抚的年份重叠了。因为遭受前所未有的天灾与人祸，有的人看不到希望，内心苦苦挣扎。普度众生的思想，哪个年代都不会过时。
癒やしを求めて訪れるのもいい。紅葉燃える上野には、求道者たちの魂が宿る品々が待つ。親鸞のきちょうめんな直筆を追い、歎異抄（たんにしょう）の墨跡や阿弥陀像に向き合っていると、心がすっと軽くなった。
去参观展览寻求平静也不错。红叶烂漫的上野，一件件寄居着求道者们灵魂的文物正在静候。当我追寻着亲鸾细致而率直的文笔，面对《叹异抄》的墨迹与阿弥陀像时，心里一下变得无比轻松。
今天的文章就像给这个展览做的广告，呵呵。
不过日本民众对参观博物馆什么的热情向来很高，说明日本人普遍的文化素养还是不错的。
VOX POPULI: Exhibition offers hope at a time of trial
Although I am not the religious type, there are times when I turn to things that are believed to exist beyond human understanding. This must be a role expected of all religions.
Numerous Buddhist sects emerged in the latter part of the Heian Period (794-1185) and the Kamakura Period (1192-1333), an era that was plagued by recurrent wars and natural disasters.
I visited the "Honen and Shinran: Treasures related to the Great Masters of the Kamakura Buddhism" exhibition at the Tokyo National Museum in Ueno. Honen (1133-1212) is the founder of the Jodo sect and Shinran (1173-1262), who studied under him, founded the Jodo Shin sect.
The many national treasures and important cultural assets featured in the exhibition shed light on the road taken by the master and his disciple, who popularized Buddhism by engaging the masses dreams of a hereafter.
The exhibition runs through Dec. 4.
Back then, paradise was thought to be accessible only to a select group of people. It was open only to those who entered the priesthood and underwent rigorous ascetic training or people who made generous donations to temples.
That is why the teachings of Honen and Shinran, who preached that anyone could go to heaven as long as they chanted "Namu Amida Butsu," were revolutionary. They gave a ray of hope to common people struggling through life.
The national treasure from Chion-in Temple in Kyoto "Descent of Amitabha and Twenty-five Attendants," which is on show through Nov. 13, shows Amitabha coming to meet a person nearing death. They slide down a mountain, riding a cloud at speed from the top left to the bottom right of the painting. That depiction must have offered salvation to its original viewers.
The exhibition commemorates the 800th and the 750th anniversaries of Honens and Shinrans deaths. By curious coincidence, it falls in a year when Japan badly needs salvation.
Struck by unprecedented natural and man-made disasters, many people are struggling, unable to envision their futures. The idea of offering salvation to all is timeless.
It would not be a bad idea to visit the museum in search of peace of mind. Visitors to Ueno, where the leaves have changed color, will be greeted by artifacts that hold the spirits of seekers going back centuries. I found myself feeling as if I had been relieved of a burden as I followed Shinrans neat handwriting, looked at the brushstrokes of "Tannisho" (A Record in Lament of Divergences) and came face to face with a statue of Amitabha.
--The Asahi Shimbun, Nov. 10
